General Science Ebook
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This eBook covers general aspects of Science studied till secondary level of education. This is best reference for competitive examinations.
The Ebook is divided into four sections and 31 chapters.
Section A: General Physics
- Measurement
- Fundamental Units
- Derived Units
- SI Units
- Dimensions
- Motion
- Types of Motion
- Distance and Displacement
- Time
- Uniform and Non-Uniform Motion
- Speed, Velocity, Average Velocity, Relative Velocity
- Graphical Representation
- Acceleration
- Three Equations of Motion
- Uniform Circular Motion
- Force
- State of Motion
- Newton’s First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)
- Newton’s Second Law of Motion (Momentum)
- Newton’s Third Law of Motion
- Impulse
- Conservation of Momentum
- Friction
- Work, Power and Energy
- Work
- Power
- Energy (Kinetic, Potential)
- Law of Conservation of Energy
- Thrust and Pressure
- Gravitation
- Newton’s Law of Gravitation
- Acceleration due to Gravity
- Mass and Weight
- Motion of an Object Under Gravity
- Kepler’s Laws
- Motion of Satellite (Orbital Velocity)
- Communication Satellite
- Escape Velocity
- Solids and Fluids
- Fluid Pressure and Pascal's Law
- Buoyancy and Archimedes Principle
- Principle of Floatation
- Atmospheric Pressure
- Elasticity
- Hooke's Law
- Surface Tension
- Flow of Liquids and Viscosity (Bernoulli's Theorem)
- Electricity
- Charges
- Electrostatic Force (Coulomb’s Law)
- Electrostatic Potential
- Potential Difference
- Electric Current
- Electric Cell
- Conductors, Insulators and Resistors
- Ohm’s Law
- Resistance of Wire
- Combination of Resistors
- Heating Effect of Electric Current
- Electric Power
- Magnetism
- Magnet and its Properties
- Magnetic Field
- Electromagnet
- Force by Magnetic Field
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Electric Generator (AC and DC)
- Alternative Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC)
- Distribution of Electrical Energy
- Household Circuits (Electrical Accidents, Safety Devices)
- Heat
- Temperature
- Effects of Heat
- Thermal Expansion
- Specific Thermal Capacity
- Latent Heat
- Transfer of Heat (Conduction, Convection, Radiation)
- Conductors and Insulators
- Reflection of Light
- Laws of Reflection
- Formation of Images
- Image Formation in Plane Mirror
- Relation Between f and R
- Reflection by Spherical Mirrors
- Images by Concave Mirror
- Image by Convex Mirror
- Sign Convention
- Mirror Formula and Magnification
- Uses of Mirrors
- Refraction of Light
- Refractive Index of Medium
- Laws of Refraction
- Refraction through Spherical Surface
- Image Formation in Lens
- Lens Formula and Magnification
- Dispersion of Light through Prism
- Eye and its Defects
- Sound and Waves
- Representation of Wave
- Movement of Sound in Air
- Types of Waves (Mechanical, Electromagnetic)
- Nature, Measure & Quality of Sound
Section B: General Chemistry
- Matter
- States of Matter (Solid, Liquid, Gas)
- Effect of Temperature and Pressure
- Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
- Homogeneous Mixture
- Heterogeneous Mixture
- Solution and its Concentration
- Separation of Mixtures
- Atoms and Molecules
- Law of Chemical Combinations
- Dalton’s Atomic Theory
- Atomic Mass
- Isotopes
- Molecule and Molecular Mass
- Mole Concept
- Atomic Structure
- Discovery of Electron
- Discovery of Proton
- Thomson Model
- Rutherford’s Model
- Bohr’s Model
- Discovery of Neutron
- Atomic Number and Mass Number
- Electronic Configuration
- Valency
- Periodic Classification of Elements
- Development of Classification
- Dobereiner’s Triads
- Newland’s Law of Octaves
- Mendeleev’s Periodic Law
- Modern Periodic Law and Periodic Table
- Types of Elements
- Periodic Trends in Properties (Atomic size, Metallic character)
- Chemical Bonding
- Ionic Bonding
- Properties of Ionic Compounds
- Covalent Bonding
- Properties of Covalent Compounds
- Acids, Bases and Salts
- Acids
- Bases
- Indicators
- Dissociation of Acids
- Reaction of Acids
- Dissociation of Bases
- Reaction of Bases
- Self Dissociation of Water
- Neutral, Acidic and Basic Solutions
- pH Scale
- Importance of pH in Everyday Life
- Formation of Salts
- Baking Soda, Washing Soda, Plaster of Paris, Bleaching Powder
- Metals and Nonmetals
- Physical Properties
- Chemical Properties of Metals (Reactions with oxygen, water, acids, bases, corrosion)
- Activity Series of Metals
- Source of Metals and Metallurgy
- Chemical Reactions of Non-Metals
- Uses of Metals and Nonmetals
- Carbon and Compounds
- Properties of Carbon
- Allotropes (Diamond, Graphite, Fullerenes)
- Compounds of Carbon
- Oxides of Carbon
- Hydrocarbons (Saturated, Unsaturated)
- IUPAC Nomenclature
- Functional Derivatives of Hydrocarbons
Section C: General Biology
- Living Organisms
- Biodiversity
- Biosphere and Ecosystem
- Levels of Biodiversity
- Classification of Organisms
- Five Kingdoms of Life
- History of Life
- Origin of Life
- Diversification of Life
- Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
- Human Evolution
- Cells and Tissues
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Structure of Eukaryotic Cell
- Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell
- Cell Division (Mitosis, Meiosis)
- Tissues (Plant and Animal Tissues)
- Digestion
- Digestive System
- Nutrition Process
- Transportation
- Transport of Materials in Plants
- Transportation in Human Beings
- Circulatory System (Blood vessels, Heart, Fluids)
- Disorders Due to Circulatory System
- Respiration
- Respiration in Plants
- Respiration in Humans
- Respiratory System
- Mechanism of Breathing or Ventilation of Lungs
- Excretion
- Nephron
- Mechanism of Excretion
- Kidney Failure and Dialysis
- Nervous System
- Neuron
- Nerves
- Central Nervous System (Brain, Spinal Cord)
- Reflex Action
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Endocrine System
- Reproduction
- Types of Reproduction
- Reproduction in Plants
- Reproduction in Animals
- Reproduction in Humans
- RTI and STD
- Heredity
- Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
- Chromosomes
- Genes
- DNA
- Blood Group Inheritance
- Hereditary Disorders
Section D: Environmental Science
- Natural Environment
- Ecosystem
- Components of Ecosystem
- Biotic Community
- Food Chain and Food Web
- Energy Flow in Ecosystem
- Biogeochemical or Nutrient Cycles (Carbon, Nitrogen, Water)
- Adaptations in Organisms
- Population Interaction
- Population Growth and Growth Curves
- Environmental Problems
- Natural Disasters
- Impact of Human Population
- Deforestation
- Pollution
- Waste and its Management
- Depletion of Ozone Layer
- Global Warming
- Photochemical Smog
- Acid Rain
- Food, Nutrition and Health
- Sources of Food
- Modes of Nutrition
- Nutrition in Plants: Photosynthesis
- Nutrition in Animals
- Nutrition in Humans
- Components of Food
- Diseases
- Immunization
- Diagnostic Techniques