Urbanization and industrialization have often resulted in whole areas of forests

Urbanization and industrialization have often resulted in whole areas of forests being cleared to gain new land and to obtain timber for the various building projects. Large areas of fields and forests have disappeared to make way for concrete jungles many of which are fitted with huge plants and chimney stacks. Industrial growth has necessitated the increased demand for fuel oil to run the machines and in doing so produces industrial gases and fumes which belch through the chimney and pollute the atmosphere. The most evident elements in the contamination of the atmosphere are dust, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide.

1. The writer expresses the belief that

  1. there is plenty of scope for further industrialization.
  2. unplanned growth of industry has done more harm than good.
  3. the change from rural to urban growth is a change for the better.
  4. the timber obtained from the forests has been beneficially used.

2. The effect on forest areas produced by the activity described in the first sentence is called

  1. devastation
  2. deforestation
  3. disfiguration
  4. devaluation

3. The results of industrial development, according to the writer, are

  1. urbanization.
  2. no shortage of fuel oil.
  3. greater availability of domestic gas.
  4. greater fuel consumption and pollution.

4. The phrase 'concrete jungle' in the paragraph refers to the factories and houses built as a result of urbanization and industrialization. This phrase suggests that the author

  1. regrets that fields and forests have been replaced by city buildings.
  2. believes that too much cement has been used in building factories.
  3. disapproves of modern industrial expansion.
  4. would like to go back to life in the jungle.

Answers

  1. B
  2. B
  3. D
  4. A